A
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
A quick download digital connection installed over a standard telephone line, extremely common throughout the world.
AHT (Norm Hold Calculate)
The norm length of calculate linking the moment a caller finishes dialing and the moment the call is answered or terminated.
AS (Independent Logic)
A group of networks under mutual handing out that share the same routing methodology.
ASP (Application Service Provider)
An self-determining, third have fun provider of software-based services delivered to customers across a wide area network (WAN).
ASR (Answer-Seizure Ratio)
The ratio of successfully connected calls to attempted calls (also called ‘Call Completion Rate’).
ATA (Analogue Telephone Adapter)
Used to connect a standard telephone to a high-speed modem to facilitate VoIP and/or fax calls over the Internet.
ATM (Asynchronous Conveying Mode)
A technology for switched, connection-oriented transmission of accent, data and video. It makes high-speed dedicated relations possible linking a theoretically boundless number of network users and also to servers.
B
Backbone
A high-speed network spanning the world from one major metropolitan area to another.
Terrible Form Exclamation
Interpolates at sea/corrupted packets by using the previously received accent frames. It increases accent quality by making the accent transmission extra robust.
Bandwidth
The most data carrying capacity of a transmission link. For networks, bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per following (bps).
BDSG
Data Protection Act
Billing Increment
A call duration measurement unit, usually expressed in seconds.
BLI (Busy Lamp Indicator)
A light or LED on a telephone that shows which line is in use.
Broadband
A descriptive term for evolving digital technology that provides consumers a release switch facility offering integrated access to accent, high-speed data service, video demand services, and interactive delivery services.
C
Call divert
Call Divert allows a called telephone to redirect the unanswered call to another telephone.
Call Detail Record (CDR)
Information regarding a release call collected from the switch and available as an involuntarily generated downloadable report for a requested calculate period. The report contains information on the number of calls, call duration, call commencing and destination, and billed amount.
Codec (Compression-decompression)
In VoIP it is a accent compression-decompression algorithm that defines the rate of speech compression, quality of decompressed speech and dispensation power requirements. The most well loved codecs in VoIP are ITU-T G.723.1 and G.729 (AB).
Compression
Compression is used at anywhere from 1:1 to 12:1 ratios in VOIP applications to consume less bandwidth and leave extra for data or other accent/fax comms. Accent quality may fall with increased compression ratios.
Congestion
The situation in which the traffic present on the network exceeds available network bandwidth/capacity.
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection)
This is the access procedure to the Ethernet in which the participating stations physically monitor the traffic on the line. If no transmission is taking house at the calculate the particular station can transmit. If two stations attempt to transmit simultaneously this causes a collision that is detected by all participating stations. With a random calculate interval the stations that collided attempt to transmit again.
D
Dial-peer (Addressable Call Endpoint)
A software structure that binds a dialed digit string to a accent port or IP address of the destination gateway. Several dial peers always exist on all router in the network, and at least two will be caught up in making a call across the network, one on the originating end and one on the terminating end. In Accent over IP, there are two kinds of dial peers: POTS and VoIP. VoIP peers point to specific VoIP devices.
Dial-peer hunting
Administer when the originating router tries to establish call on different dial peers if the originating router receives a addict-busy unacceptable number or an unassigned-number disconnect cause code from a destination router.
DiffServ (Differentiated Services)
A quality of service (QOS) protocol that prioritizes IP accent and data traffic to help maintain accent quality, even when network traffic is heavy.
DNIS (Dialed Number Identification Service)
A telephone function which sends the dialed telephone number to the answering service.
DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi Frequency)
The type of audio signals generated when you press the buttons on a upset-tone telephone.
Dynamic Jitter Memory
Collects accent packets, stores them, and shifts them to the accent processor in evenly spaced intervals to reduce any distortion in the sound.
E
E&M (Ear and Mouth)
Is the interface on a VOIP device that allows it to be connected to analog PBX trunk ports (tie lines).
E.164
The international broadcast telecommunication numbering preparation. An E.164 number uniquely identifies a broadcast network termination point and typically consists of three fields, CC (country code), NDC (inhabitant destination code), and SN (subscriber number), up to 15 digits in total.
E1
A wide-area digital transmission machinate (European): 2,048 Mbits/s; 31 channels, 64 Kbps all.
Endpoint
SIP or H.323 terminal or Gateway. An endpoint can Call and be Called. It generates and terminates the information stream.
F
Firewall
A logic calculated to prevent unofficial access to or from a private network. Firewalls can be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of both. All messages entering or leave-taking the intranet pass owing to the firewall, which examines all thought and blocks persons that do not come across the security criteria individual on the firewall.
FoIP (Fax Over Internet Protocol)
The term used for the technology that transports facsimiles over the Internet.
Forward Miscalculation Rectification
Increases accent quality by recovering at sea or corrupted packets.
FXO (Foreign Exchange Office)
Is the interface on a VOIP device for connecting to an analog PBX extension.
FXS (Foreign Exchange Station)
Is the interface on a VOIP device for connecting directly to phones, faxes, and CO ports on PBXs or key telephone systems.
G
G.711
An ITU-T PCM half-duplex codec that uses either A-law or ?-law compression (64 kbps, high quality, minimum processor load).
G.723.1
An ITU-T dual rate CELP codec (6.4/5.3 kbps, standard quality, high processor load).
G.728
An ITU-T low be unstable CELP codec (16 kbps, standard quality, extremely high processor load).
G.729
An ITU-T ACELP codec (8 kbps, standard quality, high processor load).
Gatekeeper
The central hegemony entity that performs management functions in a Accent and Fax over IP network and for multimedia applications such as video conferencing. Gatekeepers grant intelligence for the network, including address pledge, authorization, and authentication services, the logging of Call Detail Records, and communications with network management systems. Gatekeepers hegemony bandwidth, grant interfaces to existing inheritance systems, and monitor the network for engineering purposes as well as for genuine-calculate network management and load balancing.
Gateway
In IP telephony, a network device that converts accent in genuine calculate, linking the broadcast switched telephone network (PSTN) and an IP network. The primary functions of an IP gateway are accent and fax compression / decompression, packetisation, call routing, and hegemony signalling. Additional features may include interfaces to outdoor controllers, such as gatekeepers or softswitches, billing systems, and network management systems.
H
H.225
Protocols (RAS, RTP/RTCP, Q.931 call signaling) and thought formats for H.323.
H.245
A protocol for capability negotiation, messages for notch and finishing channels for media streams, etc. (i.e. media signaling).
H.323
An ITU-T “umbrella” of standards for Packet-based multimedia communications systems. This standard defines the different multimedia entities that get on to up a multimedia logic – Endpoints, Gateways, Multipoint Conferencing Units (MCUs), and Gatekeepers — and their interaction. This standard is used for loads of Accent-over-IP applications, and is heavily needy on other standards, primarily H.225 and H.245.
Hairpin
Telephony term that means to send a call back in the direction that it came from. For example, if a call cannot be routed over IP to a gateway that is quicker to the target telephone, the call typically is sent back out the community zone, back the way from which it came.
Hop off
Point at which a call transitions from H.323 to non-H.323, typically at a gateway.
I
Integrated T-1
Comprised of 24 64Kbps channels, T1 lines can be used for a diverse number of applications. Frequently referred to as an integrated T1 or channelized T1, this highly bendable circuit is calculated for businesses that call for to run multiple services over the same line. Common applications for integrated T1 service include, Form Relay/dedicated long distance and Internet/point-to-point. Often confused with a incomplete T1, integrated service is owing to up of multiple incomplete T1 services.
IP Centrex
IP Centrex delivers such services as call hold, call conveying, last number look-up and redial, call forward, three-way calling, but does it on a packet-based network.
IP Telephony
The transmission of accent and fax phone calls over data networks that uses the Internet Protocol (IP). IP telephony is the upshot of the transformation of the circuit-switched telephone network to a packet-based network that deploys accent-compression algorithms and bendable and sophisticated transmission techniques, and delivers richer services using only a part of traditional digital telephony’s usual bandwidth.
ITSP (Internet Telephony Service Provider)
Provider of telephony based services.
ITU-T
ITU standards for telecommunications.
J
Jitter
The variation in the amount of latency among data packets being received.
L
LAN (Community Area Network)
A LAN is a group of computers and linked devices that share a common communications line or wireless link and typically share the resources of a release processor or server within a small geographic area (for example, within an office building).
Latency
Also called Be unstable. The amount of calculate it takes a Packet to travel from source to destination. Together, Latency and Bandwidth mark out the speed and capacity of a network.
P
Packet
In data communication, the basic unit of information transferred.
PBX (Private Branch Exchange) or PABX (privated automated bench exchange)
An in-house telephone switching logic that interconnects telephone extensions to all other, as well as to the outside telephone network.
PRI (Primary Rate Interface)
An ISDN service that provides 23 64-Kbps B (Bearer) channels and one 64-Kbps D (Data) channel (23 B and D).
PSTN
Broadcast Switched Telephone Network.
Q
Q.931
ISDN connection hegemony protocol, roughly akin to TCP in the Internet protocol stack. Q.931 doesn’t grant flow hegemony or go retransmission, because the underlying layers are assumed to be reliable and the circuit-oriented nature of ISDN allocates bandwidth in fixed increments of 64 kbps. Q.931 does deal with connection setup and breakdown. In H.323 scenario, this protocol is encapsulated in TCP and sent to port 1720.
QoS (Quality of Service)
Rate of performance for a transmission logic that reflects it’s transmission quality and service availability. Standards based QOS for VoIP usually involves the implementation of Ethernet standards 802.1p and 802.1q at layer 2 across an Ethernet.
QSIG (Q (point of the ISDN model) Signaling)
Signaling standard. Common channel signaling protocol based on ISDN Q.931 standards and used by loads of digital PBXs.
R
RAS (Registration, Admission, Status or Remote Access Service)
A management protocol linking terminals and Gatekeepers.
Redundant
Redundant describes computer or network logic components, such as fans, hard CD-ROM drives, servers, operating systems, switches, and telecommunication links that are installed to back up primary resources in case they not get on to the grade.
RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol)
A protocol that chains the reservation of resources across an IP network. Applications running on IP end systems can use RSVP to indicate to other nodes the nature (bandwidth, jitter, most burst, and so on) of the packet streams they want to hear. RSVP depends on IPv6. Also renowned as Resource Reservation Setup Protocol.
RTP (Genuine-Calculate Transport Protocol)
Frequently used with IP networks. RTP is calculated to grant end-to-end network transport functions for applications transmitting genuine-calculate data, such as audio, video, or simulation data, over multicast or unicast network services. RTP provides such services as payload type identification, sequence numbering, calculate stamping, and delivery monitoring to genuine-calculate applications.
S
SIP (Conference Initiation Protocol)
An application-layer hegemony protocol, a Signaling protocol for Internet Telephony. SIP can establish sessions for features such as audio/videoconferencing, interactive gaming, and call forwarding to be deployed over IP networks thus enabling service providers to integrate basic IP telephony services with Web, e-mail, and chat services. In addition to addict authentication, redirect and registration services, SIP Server chains traditional telephony features such as personal mobility, calculate-of-day routing and call forwarding based on the geographical location of the person being called.
Softswitch
Also called a Deputy Gatekeeper, Call Server, Call Agent, Media Gateway Controller, or Switch Controller. Software used to form a junction with a broadcast switched telephone network and accent over Internet by separating the call hegemony functions of a phone call from the media gateway (transport layer). Softswitch performs call hegemony functions such as protocol conversion, authorization, accounting and handing out operations.
T
T1
1.544-Mbps point-to-point dedicated digital circuit provided by the telephone companies consisting of 24 channels.
TAPI (Telephony API)
A programming interface that allows Windows client applications to access accent services on a server.
TCP (Transmission Hegemony Protocol)
Connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides reliable full-duplex data transmission. TCP is part of the TCP/IP protocol stack.
U
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
A type of cabling used to transmit data signals, often called Category 5 cable.
V
VoIP (Accent Over Internet Protocol)
Transportation of accent calls across the Internet.
VPDN (Virtual Private Dial-up Network)
Also renowned as virtual private dial network. A VPDN is a network that extends remote access to a private network using a shared infrastructure. VPDNs use Layer 2 tunnel technologies (L2F, L2TP, and PPTP) to extend the Layer 2 and privileged parts of the network connection from a remote addict across an ISP network to a private network. VPDNs are a cost effective mode of establishing a long distance, point-to-point connection linking remote dial users and a private network
VPN
Virtual Private Network. Enables IP traffic to travel securely over a broadcast TCP/IP network by encrypting all traffic from one network to another. A VPN uses “tunneling” to encrypt all information at the IP amount.
